Feedinakdo tommasi and emile heuetebise



F. TOMMASI & E. HEURTEBISE.

HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR AND HOIST.

- No. 247,183. Patented Sept. 13,1881.

| #n; I Hf 1 \T i i .02 II 1" WIT ESSES INVENTOR 'gip xeumhu ATTORNEYUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FERDINANDO TOMMASI AND EMILE HEURTEBISE, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

HYDRAULIC ELEVA' I'OR AND HOIST.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 247,133, datedSeptember'13, 1881.

Application filed February 20, 1880. Patented in France October 9, 1878,and October 27, 1879, in Belgium October 30, 1879, in Italy January 1:2,1880, in Germany March 2, 1880, and in Spain March 2, 1880.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FERDINANDO TOMMA s1 and EMILE HEURTEBISE, of Paris,in the Republic of France,have invented a new and useful Balanced andSafety Arrangement Applicable to Hydraulic Lifts, Elevators, and HisingPlatforms, ot'which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to means applicable to rising platforms, hoists,and especially to hydraulic lifts, whereby these apparatus may bemaintained always in a state of equilibrium, whatever be the position ofthe cabin or cage or platform-that is to say, however much of the mainlilting piston or rod or stem may have left its long hydraulic cylinder.

It also relates to special arrangements designed to render the workingof said balanced apparatus more easyaud certain, to economize power, andto enable the cabin or platform to be raised to a greater height thanthat which corresponds to the charge of motive liquid.

Figure 1 is a cross-section, showing the general arrangement of a.compensating or balanced lift on our system. Fig. 2 represents amodified arrangement for effecting the balancing of the piston or rod orstem supporting the cabin by afl'ording compensation for the additionalweight it assumes on coming out of the water.

A is a hydraulic cylinder, in which works the piston main rod or stem B,on whose upper end is the cabin or cage guided bythe columns. Saidpiston B passes through a stufling-box in the cylinder A, which isalways full of water or other liquid. 0 is the cabin or cage, whosetravel may be regulated from the interior. D is a water-pipe, providingi'reecommunication between the long cylinder A and the lowercompensatingcylinder, E. F is an upper compensating-cylinder, receivingmotive liquid; G, a plunger common to both cylinders E F; H, aninlet-pipe for motive liquid to act in the cylinder F; l, a pipe whichconveys the motive liquid into the cylinder F, and by which such liquidis withdrawn after it has acted J, an exhaust or draw-0d pipe for liquidthat has done work in the cylinder F; K, a distributing-chest, in whichis a valve, a slide, or any other distributing organ, allowing of thepassage of the liquid from the pipe H into the pipe I, or from the pipeI into the tube J, as required; L, a distributing-lever operated fromthe interior of the cabin or cage, and by means of which the descent maybe accelerated, moderated, or stopped, as desired; M, anequilibrium-chain, for which may be substituted an arrangement such asthat illustrated in Fig. 2, or a variable cam arrangement, ashereinafter explained, may be employed; N, a pulley turning freely onits axis, and over which the chain passes.

It will thus be seen that by our system the ordinary equilibrium-'chains are dispensed with, and that the water or other liquid whichpasses from one cylinder to the other is not renewed. A lubricating oruncongealable liquid may be used, according to the particular case.

It will also be seen that the motive liquid arriving in the cylinder Fimpels the piston G, which passes into the cylinder E, forcing aquantity of liquid equal in bulk to the immersed portion of such piston.This has the effect of causingthe piston main rod or stem B to move acorresponding distance out of its cylinder A, and if the cross-sectionof the piston G be greater than that of the piston or rod or stem B,this latter will travel proportionally faster, according to the extentto which the piston G may be greater, so that, for example, deductingfriction, if the section of the piston Gr is double that of the pistonor rod or stem B, with a charge of eight meters (eight cubic yards) ofwaterthecabin or cage may be moved vertically about sixteen meters(sixteen cubic yards.)

To insure constancy in operation, a certain addition to the foregoingsystem was found to be indispensable. For, supposing the piston or rod Bat the bottom of its stroke, and consequently the piston G at the top ofits stroke, and that in this position there was'an equilibrium betweenthe weight of the cabin or cage and rod B on the one hand, and theweight of 5 'thepiston G and charge it supported on the otherhand, thisequilibrium would be destroyed when the piston or rod B had passed acertain distance out of its cylinder. This destruction of equilibriumwould correspond to the augmentation of weight which the piston or rod Bwould; assume on emerging from the liquid contained,

leathers.

in the cylinder A, and this augmentation of weight would be equal tothat of the volume of liquid displaced by the piston G. To counteractthis augmentation of weight, therefore, the movementmust becommencedwith an excess of motive power, which would give rise to shocks,necessitate a heavier charge, and might cause arrestation of themovement commenced werethe charge of water too exact. To avoid theseinconveniences by preventing interruption of the state of equilibrium ofthe two principal parts of the system, we designed the compensatingarrangements above mentioned, and of which we proceed to more fullyexplain the purpose and operation. The compensation may be obtained inseveral ways. We have indicated two methods in Figs. 1 and 2. Thatindicated in Fig.1 consists of a large pitch-chain, M, which winds onthe loose pulley N. This chain is attached at one of its ends to thepiston G, the other end hanging freely, or it may also be provided witha supplementary weight, P. The acting weight of the piston G willtherefore at any moment be equal to the absolute weight of this pistonless the excess of weight of hanging chain, taken under the line we it,onto the other line of chain. This acting weight will therefore bevariable, and its variabilitybeing proportioned to that of the weight ofthe piston or rod B, the equilibrium will be maintained at all points ofthe stroke of the pistons, and notwithstanding the influence of frictionand the slight excess necessary on the return of the chain, theapparatus will work as a true hydraulic balance- Thus, supposing thepiston or rod B to be at the bottom of its course and n (p) to representthe constant weight which balances it at the commencement of themovement, as soon as, by leaving the liquid,the piston or rod B shallhave increased its weight by ten kilograms (twenty pounds) the weight ofthe hanging chain M will have be come ten kilograms (twenty pounds)lessthat is to say, the weight .1 (p) will, in its turn, have increasedby ten kilograms, (twenty pounds.)

It is evident that compensation may be effected in many other ways. Forexample, supposing the chain M to be of little weight, but that itcarries hung at its free end a heavy weight, in such case the pulley N,instead of being concentric, should be eccentric in such manner that theleverage of the weight would vary, according to the position or extentof turning motion of the said pulley, so as to augment or diminish itseffect to the extent required for maintaining a constant equilibrium ofthe piston or rod B and cage. The required compensation may also berealized by making the piston G in the form of part of a circular ring,oscillating about its center, and the cylinders E F both at bottom ofthe same curved circular form. These cylinders are both closed similarlywith covers, through which the pistons .pass, and are furnished withpacking- By suitably arranging the mass to the right and to the left ofthe vertical axis,

with the addition, if need be, of the action of a weight properlyarranged relatively to the center of oscillation, such leverage may atall times be had without the employment of a chain as will cause anequilibrium to be maintained in all the positions of the ring. Fig. 2shows such an arrangement, and the ring,which is solid to the left ofthe vertical axis symmetrically, is hollowed out for a part of itslength on the right.

What we claim is 1. A hydraulic lift or hoist wherein the ordinarycylinder in which works the piston or main rod supporting the cabin orplatform receives the motive liquid, not directly, but from a cylinderwith which it freely communicates, and in which moves a heavy piston,impelled and impelling by turns, and which always draws or forces thesame liquid, such liquid passing alternately from one to the other ofsaid two cylinders, substantially as described.

2. In a hydraulic lift or hoist, the combination of two cylinderscontiguous or adjacent to each other, in which works a heavy pistoncommon to both, one of said cylinders receiving directly the motiveliquid, while the liquid contained in the other cylinder (always thesame) is caused to pass and repass from it to the cylinder in whichworks the piston or main rod of the cabin or platform part of the lift,substantially as described.

3. In a hydraulic lift or hoist, in combination with the cylinder F andpipes H I J, the distributing-chest K, with valve and operatinglever L,the whole arranged so that the distribution may be controlled at will,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a hydraulic lift or hoist, the combination, with a cylinder,A,containing a piston or main rod, B, and a cylinder, E, connected by apipe or passage with said cylinder A, of a piston, G, arranged to workin said cylinders E F, and means for compensating the increase in theweight of said piston or main rod B as it moves out of the liquid insaid cylinder A, substantially as described.

5. In ahydraulic lift or hoist, as means of compensating the increase inthe weight of the piston or main rod of the cabin or platform whenleaving the liquid, the combination, with the piston or plunger G, of apitch-chain the links of which are calculated to maintain the systemconstantlyin equilibrium in proportion as they pass over a pulley orwheel, N, substantially as described and illustrated.

6. In a hydraulic lift or hoist, the combination of the two largecylinders E F with piston or plunger G, common to both, connected to thelong cylinder A, as shown, so as to suppress the ordinaryequilibrium-chains, and for greater security, substantially asdescribed. FERDINANDO TOMMASI.

- E. HEURTEBISE.

' Witnesses:

P. WURNEE, D. O. OASALONGA,

ICC

IIS

